Anthropological Archaeological Perspective: A Comparative Study of Culture Systems of Yangtze and Yellow RiverDiagram against the Background of Holocene Climate Changes

Abstract (English)

This article reflects on contemporary narrow interpretations to ancient life through interdisciplinary research methods such as family heritage,oral history,ethnography,fieldwork,and artifact analysis,and explores crucial role of anthropology in archaeological reconstruction.
3 climate shifts and related 3 major historical events during Holocene are discussed,which formed culture systems of RiverDiagram (河图) and LuoBook(洛书) in Yangtze and Yellow River basins.It reveals complex interactions of astronomy,climate and geography between human behavior and culture adaptation.and proposes that Yangtze‘RiverDiagram’has unique,distinctive,original,orthodox,and inclusive culture characteristics and historical value,playing significant leading role in Yellow‘RiverDiagram’.
Prototype of RiverDiagram is 9-star Big Dipper（北斗九星）map formed by confluence of Dadu（大渡）, Qingyi（青衣）,and Min（岷）Rivers, symbolizing geographic landmark known as‘Center of World’,and called as‘footsteps of Heavenly Emperor’（大迹、大遗），‘RiverDiagram’.Ancient Chinese believed that Big Dipper was the center of the universe, also‘Heaven Chariot’（天车）or‘Chariot of God’(帝车) for heavenly god to go up to heaven or down to earth.
Prototype of LuoBook is giant-turtle-shaped island located in Qingyi River,with patterns on its back depicting 28 constellations,known as Turtle Capital(龟都).
Political symbol of RiverDiagram is‘3 Rivers Establishing Tripod’（三河立鼎）, represented the power to‘govern Center' through GAKU(三锅庄）and‘3-legged pottery’（三足陶）.
During heavy rainfall in 8.5-7.2kaBP, FuXi(伏羲) drew BaGua(八卦) and NvWa(女娲) mended Sky, and led human migration northward to newly establish‘Center’by 3-legged pottery at Peiligang(裴李岗) in the confluence of Yi（伊）, Luo（洛）, and Yellow rivers.
During sharp temperature drop in 6-5kaBP,‘Center’at Shuanghuaishu(双槐树) and Qingtai (青台) was founded with clone 9-star Big Dipple by 9 clay pots, while EmperorHuang(黄帝) and his two sons guarded Dadu,Qingyi and Min rivers,and cast a tripod to keep ‘Center’.
During great Flood Disaster in 4.1-4.0kaBP,Yu(禹) guiding Min to Tuo River to determine position of Sanxingdui(三星堆) Showy（招摇）constellation in‘RiverDiagram ', symbolized holding‘Chariot of God’.Yu dredged confluence of Yi, Luo, and Yellow rivers, which were then controlled by Xia（夏）People established‘Center’by 3-legged bronze tripod at Erlitou(二里头).
Pu(濮) people was guardians of the‘RiverDiagram '，where the Left and Right Auxiliary Star are situated,the hereditary right and left prime ministers of the emperors,who participated in all of the emperors' activities of receiving the Mandate of Heaven.
The bronze kneeling figure in Sanxingdui, with his hands clasped and placed on the left side of his head,was from Pu, and could be traced back to Left Che(左彻) of Emperor Huang,and Wizard Luo(巫罗) of Yu.