"From Roofs to Roots: The Burze Pash Tradition as Tangible and Intangible Heritage in Kashmir"

Abstract (English)

The Burze Pash tradition in Kashmir, characterized by its roofing method that utilizes layers of birch bark and earth, exemplifies the region's profound ecological understanding and commitment to sustainable architectural practices. In an environment challenged by harsh winters and seismic risks, Burze Pash roofs offer natural insulation, durability, and a symbiotic relationship with the surrounding ecosystem. This paper examines Burze Pash not only as a physical manifestation of cultural heritage, evident in the architecture of traditional Kashmiri residences, but also as an intangible heritage, sustained through artisanal skills, oral traditions, and collective memory. Furthermore, the research identifies significant threats to this tradition in contemporary times. The depletion of birch forests due to environmental decline, the shift towards modern building materials such as concrete and tin, and the diminishing transmission of traditional knowledge to younger generations have all accelerated the decline of Burze Pash roofing. Moreover, evolving aspirations, urban development, and insufficient institutional acknowledgment further marginalize this indigenous practice, reducing it to a mere recollection in many areas of the valley. The findings of this study indicate an urgent need for preservation initiatives. Revitalization strategies should extend beyond the mere conservation of individual structures; they must also focus on safeguarding birch ecosystems, promoting traditional ecological methods, and documenting the technical expertise linked to Burze Pash. By integrating this vernacular tradition into current discussions on sustainability, heritage conservation, and climate resilience, Burze Pash can regain its significance. The paper concludes that protecting such practices is essential not only for maintaining cultural continuity but also for imagining environmentally conscious futures grounded in traditional knowledge. Consequently, the Burze Pash tradition illustrates the complex interplay of heritage and memory, representing both the vulnerability and the enduring essence of Kashmir's cultural landscape.